Export potential market for Indian fruits & vegetables

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India is an agriculture based country. Hundreds of fruits and vegetables types are grown in all parts of India. Fresh fruits and vegetable reach small scale fruits vegetables suppliers, they are then sent to local markets as well as fruits and vegetables exporters. Last decades have seen the number of Indian fruit vegetables suppliers and fruits vegetables exporters rising to an all time high. Especially there has been a steep rise in the number of vegetable exporters. India is the world’s second largest producer of fruits and vegetables - - after the United States accounting for 10 percent of global share. Out of 370 million tons of fruits production in the world, India accounts for 30 million tone. Of the 456 million tone of vegetable produced in the world, India’s share is 59 million tone amounting to 17 percent. The production of fruits & vegetable contributes more than 30% of the agriculture GDP.

India is geographically very close to GCC. The volume of trade exchange between India & GCC countries exceeded US $ 64 billion in 2009. The GCC states import a variety of Goods including agricultural commodities while India imports oil & gas in return. The GCC countries need more agricultural products as their countries agricultural production is very poor compare to the rest of the countries in the world. India can get this potential market for Indian fruits & vegetable product.  This makes the Indian economy an ideal source for sourcing and developing agro based value chain in the GCC region. GGC, with a presence of an advanced processing and packaging industry, combined with highly developed transportation sector, has huge opportunities in expanding into a cost effective agro based value chain.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Literature Review is the documentation of a comprehensive review of the published and unpublished work from secondary sources of data in the areas of specific interest to the researcher. The main aim is to find out problems that are already investigated and those that need further investigation. It is an extensive survey of all available past studies relevant to the field of investigation. It gives us knowledge about what others have found out in the related field of study and how they have done so.

Try to getting more and more knowledge per every second.

Re. Research

What is a Research Problem?


 Research Problem refers to some difficulty /need which a researcher experiences in the context of either theoretical or practical situation and wants to obtain a solution for the same. A research problem is the situation that causes the researcher to feel apprehensive, confused and ill at ease. It is the demarcation of a problem area within a certain context involving the WHO or WHAT, the WHERE, the WHEN and the WHY of the problem situation.

There are many problem situations that may give rise to research. Three sources usually contribute to problem identification. Own experience or the experience of others may be a source of problem supply. A second source could be scientific literature. You may read about certain findings and notice that a certain field was not covered. This could lead to a research problem. Theories could be a third source.

Try to getting more and more knowledge per every second.

Saari umr hum

Saari umr hum


office mein mar gaye

Ek pal to ab humein jeene do

jeene do

Na na na….Na na na….Na na na….Na na nana na….



Give me some flight

Give me some train

Give me another chance

I wanna go home once again



Kandhon ko laptop

Ke bojh ne jhukaya

Client se jhoot bolna tho khud

Manager ne sikhaya



4.5 ya 5 rating laaoge to chhuti, varna kismat futi

Kaam kar kar ke pada Ungaliyon pe

REVIEW, SCREEN aur REWORK ka chaala

Is Project ne to sala poora..

Poora bheja pakka daala



Career to gaya

GF bhi gayi

Ek pal to ab humein

jeene do jeene do



Saari umr hum

office main jee liye

Ek pal to ab humein jeene do

jeene do

Na na na….Na na na….Na na na….Na na nana na...



Give me some flight

Give me some train

Give me another chance

I wanna go home once again

Na na na….Na na na….Na na na….Na na nana na



Try to getting more and more knowledge per every second.

Interviews

Try to getting more and more knowledge per every second.
Below are the Interview Questions, which were asked in HR Round.....


No one will GET a second chance to impress....

Very very Impressive Questions and Answers..... ...



Question 1:



You are driving along in your car on a wild, stormy night,

it's raining heavily, when suddenly you pass by a bus stop, and you see

three people waiting for a bus:



An old lady who looks as if she is about to die.

An old friend who once saved your life.

The perfect partner you have been dreaming about.



Which one would you choose to offer a ride to, knowing very well that

there could only be one passenger in your car?



This is a moral/ethical dilemma that was once actually used as part of a

job application.



* You could pick up the old lady, because she is going to die, and thus

you should save her first;

* or you could take the old friend because he once saved your life, and

this would be the perfect chance to ! pay him back.

* However, you may never be able to find your perfect mate again.



The candidate who was hired (out of 200 applicants) had no trouble

coming up with his answer. Guess what was his answer?



He simply answered:



"I would give the car keys to my Old friend and let him take the lady to

the hospital. I would stay behind and wait for the bus with the partner

of my dreams."



Sometimes, we gain more if we are able to give up our stubborn thought

limitations. Never forget to "Think Outside of the Box."



Question 2:



What will you do if I run away with your sister?"



The candidate who was selected answered " I will not get a better match

for my sister than you sir"



Question 3:



Interviewer (to a student girl candidate) - What is one

morning you woke up & found that you were pregnant.



Girl - I will be very excited and take an off, to celebrate with my

husband.



Normally an unmarried girl will be shocked to hear this, but she managed

it well. Why I should think it in the wrong way, she said later when

asked.



Question 4:



Interviewer: He ordered a cup of coffee for the candidate.

Coffee arrived kept before the candidate, then he asked what is before

you?



Candidate: Instantly replied "Tea"



He got selected.



You know how and why did he say "TEA" when he knows very well that

coffee was kept before.



(Answer: The question was "What is before you (U - alphabet)

Reply was "TEA" ( T - alphabet)



Alphabet "T" was before Alphabet "U"



Question 5



The interviewer asked to the candidate "This is your last

question of the interview. Please tell me the exact position of the

center of this table where u have kept your files."



Candidate confidently put one of his finger at some point at the table

and told that this was the central point at the table. Interviewer asked

how did u get to know that this being the central point of this table,

then he answers quickly that sir u r not likely to ask any more

question, as it was the last question that u promised to ask.....



And hence, he was selected as because of his quick-wittedness. ........



This is What Interviewer expects from the Interviewee. ....



"THINK OUT OF THE BOX"

मोती बनून शिंपल्यात राहण्यापेक्षा दवबिंदू होऊन चातकाची तहान भागविणे जास्त श्रेष्ठ..!!

Try to getting more and more knowledge per every second.
मोती बनून शिंपल्यात राहण्यापेक्षा दवबिंदू होऊन चातकाची तहान भागविणे जास्त श्रेष्ठ..!!

Problems of Indian Sugar Industry

Problems of Indian Sugar Industry

The erratic trend in the production of sugar is attributed to the fact that it is and agro-based industry and it’s output fluctuates with the vagaries of monsoons secondly the output of cane is influenced to a great extent by the price of sugar cane – Industry main. Row material which is turned depends upon the price of competitive food cropes on the one hand and the cane prices fioced by the government on the other.

1) The Problems of high price of sugar:

The efficiency and uneconomic nature of production in sugar mills low yield and short crushing season the high price of sugar cane the heavy excise duties, leaved, by the government these are responsible for the high cost of production of sugar in India. The price of Indian sugar in considerably higher than the world price of sugar. A part from the manipulations of stocks by sugar factories, hoarding, Speculation. And black marketing of sugar by wholesale dealers are rampant in India.

2) Gur Price:

The output of sugar is also greatly influenced by the relationship between cane prices and Gur price. From the production side sugarcane can be used for the price manufacturing of sugar or Gur from the consumption side the substitutions of sugar in place of Gur Arises. When the price of sugar full in relation to Gur Price

3) Shift in locational Pattern:

The sugar industry was initially located in uttarpradesh and Bihar which together accounted for about 60 Percent of sugar production in 1960. Analytical studies about production cost. Revealed the irrational nature of the regional pattern of production. since the sucrose content of sugar cane begins to deteriorate sun after the stalks have been cut it is essential that mills must be located in close proximity to the sources of raw material. Consequently attempts were made to locate to new unit in the can producing states. As a result of these the share Of U.P. and Bihar declined from 60% in 1960 – 61 to 28% in 1980-81 while that of Maharashtra, Andhra-Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamilnadu. Taken together rose from 31% to about 60% in that year, if this trained is counted; there may be a further shift in the locational pattern. The declined in the importance of UP and Bihar is mainly due to server competition faced from other state.

4) Roll of Co-Operative sector:

During recent year’s Co-Operative sectors has been increasing in importance in sugar industry there know 211 Co-Operative Sugar Factories producing over 60% of the total output of sugar Co-Operative Sugar mills have to positive advantages in their favour. First they get the maximum supply of sugar cane as almost all the sugar can farmers are members of the Co-Operative Sugar mills secondly the profits of the co-operative unit are distributed among member – farmers instead of going into the hands of a few “Sugar Barons”.

5.) Need for can development

The factor which is of crucial importance in the growth of sugar industries the yield of sugar cane there is a steady increase yield of sugar can per hectare from 33 tons. In 1950-51 to the 70 tons on 2000-07 and 80 tons in 2007 it may be maintained here that average sugar cane productivity in other countries range between 134tones per hectare (subtropical regions) to one 88tons per hectare (Tropical regions) percentage recovery of sources is the second factor which determines production in India both the yield of sugar cane per acre and percentage recovery of sources is low point. There is possibility of doubling or even trebling the yield the sugar cane

6.) Competition form Gur Production:

In India 10 tons of sugar is obtained from 100 tons cane but in case of khandsari only 7 tones of sugar are derived. Thus there is a net loss to the country by the use of cane from Khandsari and Gur the recovery content of Gur is only 5%. But since it is a food of higher nutritive value, the demand for Gur is not only motivated by its use as a sweetening agent but also as an article with specificity in its demand. But the Gur Factories deprive the community by 25 to 40% of source when they divert the cane required by sugar mills. While the government fixes the price of sugar cane supplied to the factories there is no price fixation for sugarcane used for Gur. The obvious result is that production of Gur often increases at the cost of sugar. As a result of the policy of price fixation alone, the distribution of sugarcane among the produces of sugar Gur and Khandsari is not done on a fair basis. It is therefore necessary that price competition between sugar Gur and khandsari be avoided. It would be much more desirable to chalk out a combined allocation of sugarcane for these three close substitutes at the same price. This is being attempted now.

7) Problems of Production of Sugar:

the Low yield of sugarcane, short crushing season, unsatisfactory location of industry in U.P and Bihar and inadequate supply of cane all these create problems of production of sugar factories have low milling efficiency and recovery of sugar from sugarcane is very low. One reason for that is the uneconomic character of many of the sugar mills. Further Indian sugar mills do not have sugar plantations of their own ( as in the case of west of west India’s) and hence do not have control over the quantity and quality of sugarcane. Supplied by the innumerable cane growers.

8.) The problems of by products:

An important problem of sugar of sugar industry is the fuller utilization of by products specially bagasse and molasses. At one time, bagasse was used as fuel. Wile sugar factories did not know what to do with the accumulating molasses a health hazard. At present small paper plants are coming up to make paper and paper board, packing paper etc. Through using bagasse. Molasses is now being used for the manufacture of power alcohol fertilizers cattle feed etc. A number of sugar mills located in close proximity to each other are joining together to utilize by products fully and effectively in this they help to bring dower the cost of production of sugar.

9) Problem’s of faulty Government policy

The sugar economy is highly controlied one sugar factories were under compulsory licensing till recent years. There is a statutory minimum price (SMP) for sugarcane fixed by the central government and state advised prices (SMP) fixed by each state over and above the SMP. There is a levy- normally 40% of the output on the sugar mills, which have to supply the levy quota at prices, fixed much lower than the market prices. The levy sugar is allotted to the state / UT Government for distribution through the public distribution system (PDS). Prices of levy sugar are fixed zone wise on the basic of SMP of sugar cane plus conversion costs as recommended by the bureau of industrial cost and prices

There is no price control on the sale of free sugar however the market suppliers of free sale sugar are regulated by government by fixing monthly release quota so as to maintain price stability

There are price and distribution controls on molasses the major by – product of sugar factories. The government fixed export quotas and sugar exports have to be handle by designated export agency.

This whole scheme of sugar controls is not in the interest of the industry or the economy. The government has announced it’s intention to review this policy regime with the objective of making sugar industry globally competitive and generating export surplus while insuring adequate supplies for domestic consumption as a part of restricting sugar industry beginning was made when price and distribution controls on molasses were abolished in Jane 1993 the government has also announced number of incentives to encourage sugar mills to maximize sugar production.

10) The Questions of minimum economic size:

The minimum economics size as it exists in India is 2500 tons of came crushed per day (tpcd) this is much less than the minimum economic size in other countries for instance in Thailand the average plant size is of 10000 tpcd against the average of 1400 tpcd in these country according to some experts the sheer size makes us loss out in the economics of scale also the small MES makes efficient use of by products impossible.

11) Old Machinery:

Like jute and cotton textiles some sugar factory also requires replacement of old machinery and modernization of production technique. The need is particularly great for the sugar factories located in U.P and Bihar.

12) Competition From cheaper Imports:

Stiff competition from cheap imports is causing problem for the sugar industry sugar import in recent years have been due to ample global availability and heavy export subsidy’s in several countries including Pakistan, Brazil, and the European union. The international sugar prices tumbled down so imported sugar is cheaper than domestic sugar.

13) Low sugar Recovery:

The Sugar recovery from the canes as also the yield of cane crop has been stagnant for along time for want of any major break through in reading better verities of sugar cane. The average recovery (Extraction rate for the Indian sugar mills is just 9.5 to 10 percent against 13 to 14 percent in some other producing countries

14) Overall observation

The main reason for sickness in the sugar industry as many as 70 mills are lying closed are : the practice of state advise price (SAP)for sugar cane low realization from the sale of molasses fluctuations in sugar production non availability of adequate cane and the uneconomic size of the mills and their out date machinery and mismanagement.

This implies that adequate relief and concessions would be required from state government banks and financial instructions for the revival of sick and closed sugar mills.



Remedies on the problems of Indian Sugar Industries



In this chapter I am given some suggestion for improvement of Indian sugar industries in other words this remedies on the problem of Indian sugar industries point of my view.

1) To restart closed mills

Though Maharashtra has 163 sugar mills across the state 56 have been shut down. Permanently and more than 50 have already reached their capacity of carousing this. Situation has created panic among the growers that their crop is not for different in the at joining states of Karnataka, Tamilnadu, and Andhra-Pradesh. But the ultimate answer to these livelihood issue remains unanswered as not a single policy has so for been drafted to solve this issue

The authority should regulate the situation arising as of know in the sugar industry and solve the problem at the earliest. Timely assistance is very essential in agriculture as “anything can waif but not agriculture”. (Nehru)

2) To provide Minimum Supportive Price:

Formulations of sugar policies are very essential which should support the domestic sugar industry and the sugar cane growers. Minimum supportive price should be announced before the beginning of the sugar. This would avoid creation of glut in the sugar cane production.

3) To encourage exports:

To encourage the export of excess sugar produced government should provide export duty exemptions and tax waivers. Proper market analysis and forecasting if the price is also essentional to avoid any harm to growers. Or to the sugar mills. The growers should be made aware of the crop insurance scheme which will help them in adverse conditions from losing any returns.

4) Credit for sugar cane farmers:

Over 90% of the people dependent on the agriculture do not have access to bank credit however in the sugar came sector all the farmers sponsored by the sugar mills enjoy timely credit from the banks with 100% recovery banks should advance more many to the sugar cane farmers

5) Issue of Gur and Khandsari units:

These units may be subjected to the some cane price obligations respective of weather it is a normal year or not in terms of cane production this will avoid the efficiency losses of sucrose by such unit. If the consumers have specials preference for their products they must be prepared to pay higher price. A market best solution will thus avoid the insufficiencies associated with anomalous treatment of such unit through bureaucratic loopholes.

6) Issue of regulations on sale of sugar:

Ideally the government should relive the sugar mills of leavy sugar payment at unremunerative price. This will also relive the factories of the unnecessary hustles and implied cost burdens. They face due to delaved lifting of sugar and delaved payment on levy sugar by the food corporation of India the public distribution system (PDS) together with its associated inefficienes ought to be mainted at a minimum scale. What the poor in India needs is meaning full jobs which alone can provide steady source of income and not and inefficient system of subsidy and that too at some body else’s cost. The government is of course free to maintained PDS at any desirable scale through open market purchase of sugar as it is doing incase of cereals. If the government cannot achieve this switch - over in the short run it should progressively reduce the levy sugar commitment of the sugar factories

Even the restrictions on free sale of sugar can be dispensed with. The fear that the mills would raised the domestic price through the creations of artificial scarcity is an immaterial one as long as the option of sugar import with reasonable tariff duties is open to the country. The other fear is that the industry in its eagerness to sell too much within too short period will push down the domestics price level is an equally unrealistic one as this a common problem to any industry which it must manage it self the industry was earlier managing exports very well by spreading the loss across all units so given and opportunity to manage their supply subject to some broad guild lines and safeguards (for exp. A buffer stock requirement) which the government can prepared with adequate homework and stipulate the industry should be in position to handle the matter the artificial lowering of domestic price of sugar in merely serving the interest of downstream industries which are bulk consumers of sugar in the free market. Ones these bureaucratic barriers are removed the industry itself can take more interest in developing its on retails distribution system. It will also make the management incentive schemes a redundant issue. Ones again give the government usual apprehensions about switching gradually decreasing the periodicity of release order Quota.

7) Issue of Industrial sickness:

Although the incidence of inefficient operations and resulting sickness is one average higher for Co-Operative and public sector unit’s private sector too is not free such problem as the present study demonstrates. As the Mahajan Committee and an earlier RBI Committee have suggested either the provisions BIFR for rehabilitation of stick mills should be intended or an alternative arrangement must be made without further duly to take care of the problems of sick Co-Operatives however it appears that there are chronically sick mills in all the three sectors which cannot be rehabilitated they must be allowed natural death by switching over to a market based system in the functioning of this industry.

8) Financial Restructuring and meeting credit needs

The sugar industry in India has been in great financial stress since year 2001. It is therefore essential to understand the factors that have contributed to it.

10) Effect of drought / floods on sugar production

Maharashtra is the largest producer of sugar in the country the Tamilnadu Andhra-Pradesh and Karnataka are some of the other major producer of sugar this states are of crucial importance to national production of sugar droughts in 2002-2003 and 2003-04 and woolly aphid infestation have seriously efficient sugar cane production in these states it is estimated that the availability of sugar cane was reduce from 165 lack tons in 2002-2003 to 121 lack tons in 2003-2004 in Tamilnadu from 120 lack tons in 2002-2003 to 86 lack tons in 2003-2004 in Andhra-Pradesh 172 lack tons in 2002-2003 to 100lack tons in 2003-2004 in Karnataka and from 535 lack tons in 2002-2003 to 290 lack tons in 2003-2004 in Maharashtra on the other hand because of regular floods sugar cane production in Bihar has been consistently falling. Since the last 4 years the sugar production in the country as a result fell from 201 lacks M.T. in 2002-2003 to 140 lacks M.T. in 2003-2004

The Problem of low availability of cane for sugar production in 2003-2004 sugar seasons has come on top the problems sugar industry has been facing for some time. The production of sugar in the country increased continuously from 2000-2001 reaching and all time high of 201 lack tons in 2002-2003. as a result of these high production ex-factories realization sugar fell steeply falling as low as rupees 1000 per quintal because of low cash flows the sugar Factories registered deficient in there stock value and were unable to service date although this deficient in stock value was converted into medium term loans in maharashtra lack of availability of cane in 2003-04 and the resultant under utilization of capacity (in 2003-2004) the average capacity utilization of factories in these states has been about 50% only and low production of sugar have further eroded the ability of sugar factories in drought affected states to service their debts. It is estimated that the total defaults on terms loans was about Rs.1200 crores as on 30-39-2004.

Besides harvesting and transportation of sugarcane is carried out the sugar factory on behalf of farmers in the state of Maharashtra and parts of Karnataka. In the light of the problems stated above these factories will also difficulty in financing this pre- season activity.

The problem of low availability of sugarcane and low capacity utilization is expected to continue in the 2004-05 sugar season also the sugar production was to be lower than in the 2003-04 season. Maharashtra is likely to be the most seriously affected with as many as 100 factories not going in to production because of non availability of cane this is serious consequences for lacks of people directly dependent on the sugar factories for the huge investment exceeding Rs.10,000 croers in theses factories and the co-operative banks.

So they must be need of financial restructuring and meeting credit needs.

Men’s are from Mars & Women too

Title: - Men’s are from Mars & Women too


Prof. Manoj S. Kulkarni

IMSCD&R AHMEDNAGAR

E-mail:- mskmanoj@gmail.com

Cell No:- 09423331758





Keywords: - (Brand Loyalty, Brand Image, Influencing factors of brand loyalty,

Customer Satisfaction)





Abstract:-



Brand building efforts in Indian market is a testimony to the fact that there are very few successful brands. A successful branding strategy always builds a string of a brand image in the minds of consumers. Brand image refers to how the brand is perceived by the customers Brand image is the thoughts of the consumer on brand features, information, and user evaluation. Brand Loyalty is determined by several distinct psychological processes and it entails multivariate measurements. Customers' Perceived value, Brand trust, Customers' satisfaction, Repeat purchase behaviour and Commitment are found to be the key influencing factors of brand loyalty.

This paper looks into these two issues i.e. Brand Loyalty & Brand Image.

This research also finds out whether loyalty depends on gender or not? What are the important factors affect while purchasing shampoo? To find out the satisfaction level with respect to quality & price.



Before conducting the research, there was a preconceived notion that women are more loyal to shampoo brands than men. From the study it has been found that both male & female are equally loyal to shampoo brands, so loyalty does not depend upon gender but loyalty depend upon quality of the products.

Mother

Good morrrrrring...

Good Mooooooooooooornig………………..

About EOUs

1. EXPORT ORIENTED UNIT (EOU)


1.1 .Introduction

1.2 Approvals for EOUs

1.3 Approvals for EOUs

1.4 EOU Scheme Features

1.5 EOUs & FDI

1.6 EOUs and Foreign Exchange

1.7 EOU and policy



1 EOU Scheme-Overview



1.1.1 Introduction: -



1. Units undertaking to export their entire production of goods and services may be set up under the Export Oriented Unit (EOU) Scheme

2. EOUs can get a location of their choice Customs-bonded anywhere in India

– For setting up an EOU in Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep or Mahe, apply to Development Commissioner, Cochin SEZ

3. EOUs can import without duties, all capital goods and raw materials for running the unit.

a. EOUs can procure these items from Indian sources also without excise duties and sales taxes

4. EOUs can sell upto 50% of FOB value of exports in the Indian market at confessional duties

5. New EOUs get Corporate Income Tax concessions till 2009



1.1.2 Approvals for EOUs



1. EOUs are given approval for manufacture of goods, including re-furbishing, as well as for rendering of services including bio-technology, BPO, Call Centers, IT enabled Services. An EOU may also engage in mining, agriculture, aquaculture, floriculture, or horticulture.

2. Trading by EOUs is not permitted

– Minimum Investment for approval as an EOU should be Rs.10 million in plant &machinery.

3. Software /services/ handicrafts/ agriculture/ floriculture/ aqua-culture/ animal husbandry/ information technology are exempted from this size restriction.



1.1.3Approvals for EOU



1. Licenses are required for

 Manufacturing arms and ammunition, atomic substances, narcotics/psychotropic substances, and tobacco products

 Establishing EOUs in Bangalore and Cochin city limits (unless it is a non-polluting sector EOU, or is located in an industrial estate within the city)

2. Approvals for licensable activity and services are given by the Board of Approvals in the Commerce Ministry

 Applications are to be routed through the Development Commissioner

3. Approval (called Letter of Permission (LOP)) for non-licensable manufacturing activity is given locally by the Development Commissioner

4. Relevant forms are available at





1.1.4 EOU Scheme Features



1) EOUs may export all products except prohibited items of exports

2) EOUs may import without duty all types of goods, including capital goods required for its activities, unless they are prohibited for import

3) Even second hand plant & machinery can be imported.

4) Capital Goods can be purchased, loaned, sourced from foreign/domestic leasing companies or brought free of cost.

5) EOUs get upto 5 years for utilization of imported capital goods, and upto 3 years for other items.





1.1..5 EOUs & FDI

1) 100% FDI in manufacturing EOUs is permitted under the automatic route of the Reserve Bank of India

 i.e. first bring in the money, and then inform Reserve Bank of India’s local office in Form FC(RBI) within 30 days of receipt

2) Also under the automatic route for EOUs are

3) External Commercial Borrowing upto USD 50 million, with maturities of 3 years or more, for funding and running the unit.

4) Use of brand names/trademarks, if royalty is upto 2% on exports and 1% on domestic sales, without technology transfer

5) Foreign technology tie-ups, if lump sum payment does not exceed USD 2 million, and if royalty is upto 5% on domestic sales and 8% on exports, even for wholly owned subsidiaries









1.1.6 EOUs and Foreign Exchange

1) EOUs may freely repatriate investment & returns abroad

2) EOUs need to bring export proceeds to India only within 360 days of export

3) And even then, upto 100% may be retained in foreign currency in the unit’s EEFC Account

4) EOUs may invoice sales to other EOUs etc in foreign exchange

5) EOUs may invoice sales to Indian entities other than EOUs also in foreign exchange sourced from their EEFC account or abroad



1.2 EOU and its Concessions

1.2.1 Tax Concessions for EOUs

New EOUs are entitled under to Corporate Income Tax exemption on physical exports out of India till 2009

A. Central Sales Tax is reimbursed on purchases from local manufacturers

B. Supplies from local manufacturers are free of Central Excise Duty

 In case duties are paid, Terminal Excise Duty is reimbursed

C) EOUs in manufacturing sector get exemption from State Sales Tax on inputs (excepting fuel)



1.2.2 EOU Scheme & DTA entities

• Existing Indian entities can open a new EOU under the same legal entity

– But the EOU division must maintain separate accounts, including separate Bank accounts

• DTA units can also convert to EOU scheme

– Units working with EPCG /Advance Licensing can also convert to EOU scheme

– There pending license obligations will be subsumed into the EOU scheme.

– But to be eligible for Corporate Income Tax concessions under section 10B, it has to be ensured that old assets do not exceed 20% of total assets of the EOU



1.2.3 EOUs & Customs Department

• EOUs have to get their premises bonded by the local Customs/ Central Excise Department, and function under their supervision

• They can get a location of their choice so bonded.

– All duty-free items have to be brought here first.

• One single multi-purpose bond with the Customs /Central Excise Department, called the B 17 Bond, suffices for all operations.

• While there is no physical control, there is record-based control

– EOU has to maintain proper account of the import, consumption and utilisation of all imported/locally procured materials and exports made and submit them periodically to the Customs.

• Duty foregone under the EOU scheme with interest is recoverable in case of fraudulent activity (along with prosecution & penalties)



1.3 Obligations of EOUs

1.3.1 Export Obligations of EOUs

EOUs have only to be foreign exchange positive FE Inflows> FE Outflows

Where

• FE Inflows = Export earnings (Direct Exports+ Exports through Third Parties + Inter-unit Sales + Exports to EOU/SEZ/STP/EHTPs)

• FE Outflows = Foreign Exchange outgo on imports of Raw materials/consumables + FE payments of commission/ royalty/ fees/ dividends/ interest on ECB + share of amortized value of capital goods imported

 Imported capital goods are amortized over 10 years; only amortized amount is included in NFE calculation

 Values are included in the calculation even if the imports are not actually paid for.





1.3.2 EOU Scheme- Duty-free Supplies from Indian Market

Supplies from Indian manufacturers to EOUs are classified as deemed exports, and the suppliers are eligible for

 Advance Licence for import of intermediate inputs

 Deemed Export Duty Drawback

 Discharge of export performance obligation on the supplier

EOUs may obtain, on production of a suitable disclaimer from the suppliers, the duty drawback and refund of Terminal Excise Duty



1.3.3 EOUs’ Access to Indian Market

A. Sales to the Indian Market



 EOUs can sell duty-free to other EOU /SEZ /STP /EHTPs etc

 EOUs can sell on full duties in the DTA against foreign currency (from EEFC account or from abroad)

 This also counts for NFE.

 Apart from the above,

 EOUs can sell unto 50% of FOB value of physical exports to the DTA at confessional duties

 EOUs can sell over and above that at full duties, subject to NFE being positive

B. EOU Sales to other EOUs

 EOU’s Sales are duty-free to Indian entities like

 SEZ /EOU /EPZ /STP /EHTP units,

 Advance License Holders,

 Bonded Warehouses &

 Educational institutions, defense establishments, other agencies notified by Government of India as eligible for duty-free imports.

 These sales count for computation of NFE.

 But they do not count as physical exports.

 They can be invoiced in foreign currency or in Indian currency.

C. EOUs & Subcontracting

EOUs can subcontract up to 50% of production or part of production process to units in the EOU or Indian manufacturers.

 EOUs may temporarily take to the job worker’s premises jigs, moulds, tools, fixtures, tackles, instruments, hangers, patterns & drawings for job work

 EOUs can even subcontract to units abroad

 EOUs can import raw materials & components free of cost for job-working and return.

EOUs can undertake job-work for export on behalf of local manufacturers.





1.7 EOU and policy

1.7. EOU Scheme: Exit Policy



Units can de-bond without paying duties capital goods they have used for 10 years Software units can de-bond on duty-free basis after 3 years. Units can wind up their operations on meeting their export obligations by

 Exporting back any imported capital goods and other material, or transferring them to another SEZ/EOU unit, or

 Destroying the items in Customs presence, or

 Donation on gratis basis to educational institutions, or

 De-bonding on payment of duty on capital goods under the EPCG Scheme as a one time option, or

 De-bonding all duty-foregone items by paying duties at current rates on unutilised raw materials (imported value) and on capital goods (on depreciated value only) and selling them in the DTA.



1.7.2EOU Scheme: Exit Policy

In case of failure to achieve positive NFE, duty foregone under the EOU scheme with interest is recoverable in proportion to the shortfall in NFE

If the unit has not met positive NFE, de-bonding shall also be subject to payment of penalties under the Foreign Trade (Development & Regulation) Act, 1992, and under the Customs Act, 1960



1.7.3EOU Scheme: Who can operate

• To run manufacturing activities foreign companies need to set up an Indian Company

– The Indian Company has to have independent legal status, distinct from the parent foreign company.

– The Company may be a wholly-owned subsidiary, or a joint venture company in financial collaboration with an Indian company in India.

• A Company registered in India can start an EOU unit without starting a new legal entity: separate accounts suffice



1.7.4How to Contact



• For more details of Indian EOUs, see website http://eouindia.com

• For details of EOUs with the Development Commissioner, CSEZ, see www.cepz.com/sez/heou/index.htm

– especially the “How To Apply” section at http://www.cepz.com/eouhowtoapply

• Contact CSEZ office

at Cochin mail@csez.com

Phone in at ++91-484-2413222

at Bangalore adcblr@csez.com

Phone in at 080-25714874

Love & Marriage

A student asks a teacher, "What is love?"



The teacher said, "in order to answer your question, go to the wheat field and choose the biggest wheat and come back.


But the rule is: you can go through them only once and cannot turn back to


pick."


The student went to the field, go thru first row, he saw one big wheat, but he wonders..may be there is a bigger one later.


Then he saw another bigger one.. But may be there is an even bigger one waiting for him.


Later, when he finished more than half of the wheat field, he start to realize that the wheat is not as big as the previous one he saw, he know he has missed the biggest one, and he regretted.


So, he ended up went back to the teacher with empty hand.


The teacher told him, "..this is love.. You keep looking for a better one, but when later you realize, you have already miss the person.."






"What is marriage then?" the student asked.


The teacher said, "in order to answer your question, go to the corn field and choose the biggest corn and come back. But the rule is: you can go through them only once and cannot turn back to pick."


The student went to the corn field, this time he is careful not to repeat the previous mistake, when he reach the middle of the field, he has picked one medium corn that he feel satisfy, and come back to the


teacher.


The teacher told him, "This time you bring back a corn... You look for one that is just nice, and you have faith and believe this is the best one you get..


This is marriage."

HOW TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENT CITIES OF INDIA

>


> (Don't miss

> last one)

>

>

>

> Scenario 1

> Two guys are fighting and a third guy comes along, then a

> fourth and they start arguing about who's right. You are

> in Kolkata

>

>

>

>

> Scenario 2

> Two guys are fighting and a

> third guy comes along, sees them and walks on. That's

> "Amchi

> Mumbai"...busy

> place dude...

>

>

> Scenario 3

> Two guys are fighting and a third guy comes along &

> tries to make peace.. The first two get together & beat

> him up. That's

> Delhi

>

>

>

>

> Scenario 4

> Two guys are fighting. A crowd gathers to watch. A guy

> comes along and quietly opens a chai-stall That's

> Ahmedabad

> .

>

>

> Scenario 5

> Two guys are fighting and a third guy comes he Writes a

> software program to stop the fight. But the fight

> doesn't stop b'cos of a bug in the program.

> That's Bangalore.

>

>

>

>

> Scenario 6

> Two guys are fighting. A crowd gathers to watch. A Guy

> comes along and quietly says that "AMMA"

> doesn't Like all this nonsense. Peace comes in.

> That's Chennai.

>

>

> Scenario 7

> Two guys are fighting. Both of them take time out and call

> their friends on their mobiles Now 50 guys are fighting. You

> are DE FIN ITELY some town IN

> PUNJAB!!!

>

>

> Scenario 8

> Two guys are fighting. Third guy comes along with a carton

> of beer. All sit together drinking beer and abusing each

> other and all go home as friends. You are in

> Goa.

>

>

> Scenario 9

> Two guys are fighting. Third guy comes and resolve their

> fight with the help of others passing over

> their.

>

> You are in the Heart of India -SOME

> TOWN

> IN M.P.

>

> Scenario 10

> Two guys are fighting. Third guy comes from nearby house.

> And says" aamchya gharasamor bhandu naka, dusarikade

> jaun bhanda ( dont fight in front of my place, go somewhere

> else and keep fighting)". That's

> Pune

> for sure!!!

>

>

Why INDIA is in trouble

                               Why INDIA is in trouble..... ........ ......... .....
Population: 100 crore



9 crore retired

30 crore in state Govt;



17 crore in central Govt.


(Both categories don't work)

 
 
1 crore IT professional (don't work for India )
 
 

 
25 crore in school
 
 
 

 
 
1 crore are under 5 years
 
 

 
 
15 crore unemployed
 

 
 
 
1.2 crore u can find anytime in hospitals
 

 
Statistics says u find 79,99,998 people anytime in jail
 
  The Balance two are U & Me.







U are busy " checking Mails /sending fwds.. "..!!

 
HOW CAN I HANDLE INDIA alone?
 

though i am struggling......for my nation.

“HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY”

Good morrrrrring

                                      Hi




Good morrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrning



&



"Happy New Year" ( be Lated)